Pronoun

Pengertian Pronoun

Pronoun yakni kata ganti yg dipakai untuk mengambil alih noun (kata benda), mirip orang, hewan, benda, & hal-hal lainnya yg bersifat absurd. Contohnya, ananda sedang membicarakan kerabat laki-lakimu, John. Kalimat-kalimat yg ananda gunakan akan menjadi sungguh repetitif jika mengulang-ulang kata “John”.

John has always loved singing. John announced that John wants to join singing contest.

Kamu bisa saja mengubah kata “John” menjadi “My brother”. Namun, kalimat tersebut mirip mengimplikasikan bahwa ananda sedang membicarakan dua orang yg berlainan.

John has always loved singing. My brother announced that John wants to join singing contest.

Untuk itu, ananda bisa memakai pronoun “he” semoga kalimat ananda tak repetitif & sesuai dgn yg dimaksud.

John has always loved singing. He announced that he wants to join singing contest.

Jenis-jenis Pronoun

Terdapat beberapa jenis pronoun dlm Bahasa Inggris, yakni:

1. Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun atau yg sering dikenal sebagai kata ganti orang ini merupakan kata ganti yg menunjuk pada orang baik selaku subjek maupun dr objek sebuah kalimat.

Personal Pronoun sebagai Subjek	Personal Pronoun Sebagai Objek	Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun
I	Me	I ask my mom to go to Sarah’s party. My mom allows me to go.
You	You	You are studying English. I teach you English as a second language.
We	Us	We are all invited to Andy’s party. Andy wants us to come.
They	Them	They made a terrible mess in the class. The teacher gave them punishment they deserved.
He	Him	He’d completely changed – I didn’t recognize him.
She	Her	She is turning 21. I bring her a present.
It	It	It’s a beautiful dress, but I look bad wearing it.

2. Antecedents

Sebelum kita membahas Possessive Pronoun, ita mesti tahu tentang Antecedents terlebih dulu. Seperti yg kita pahami, pronoun sangatlah multi guna. Pronoun “it” bisa menunjuk ke apa saja: sepedah, pohon, perasaan, & yang lain. Itulah kenapa kita memerlukan antecedents. Antecedents yaitu kata benda atau frasa dr kata benda yg kita sebutkan di permulaan kalimat atau dongeng, & nantinya akan digantikan oleh pronoun.

Contoh:

My brother always drives me nuts, but I love him.

Dalam beberapa kasus, antecedents tak perlu disebutkan dengan-cara eksplisit selama konteksnya masih jelas. Kita pula mampu memakai pronoun sebelum antecedents.

Contoh:

I love him, but my brother always drives me nuts.

3. Possessive Pronoun

Sering dikenal sebagai kata milik & merupakan kata ganti yg menunjukkan kepemilikan. Terdapat dua jenis possessive pronoun, yaitu limiting & absolute.

Limiting Pronoun	Absolute Pronoun	Contoh Kalimat Possesive Pronoun
My	Mine	My bike has blue color. That blue bike is mine.
Your	Yours	Did you lose your pencil? I’ve got something of yours.
Our	Ours	Today is our birthday. This birthday cake is ours.
Their	Theirs	Their hats are in same color. Those red hats are theirs.
His	His	His cat is lost. Do you think if it is his?
Her	Hers	Her cousin is a little cruel. I’ve never liked that cousin of hers.
Its	–	Every dog has its day.
Whose	–	Whose bag this is?

4. Reflexive & Intensive Pronoun

Berikut ini yaitu bentuk-bentuk Reflexive pronoun:

Subject Pronoun	Reflexive Pronoun	Contoh Kalimat Reflexive Pronoun
I	Myself	I told myself it was nothing.
You	Yourself	You tell yourself everything’s all right but you know it’s not really.
We	Ourselves	We promised ourselves a good holiday this year.
They	Themselves	They booked themselves a room at the resort.
He	Himself	Nathan cursed himself for his poor eyesight.
She	Herself	She kept telling herself that nothing was wrong.
It	Itself	The cat licked itself all over.
You (Plural)	Yourselves	You shouldn’t blame yourselves.

Intensive pronoun mempunyai bentuk yg sama dgn Refelxive pronoun tetapi mempunyai fungsi yg berlainan. Intensive pronoun ini dipakai untuk memberikan penitikberatan pada pronoun ini sendiri.

Contoh:

• He drew that paint himself.

Pronoun pada kalimat ini menekankan bahwa dia menggambarnya sendiri. Dengan kata lain, ia tak meminta batuan orang lain untuk mengerjakannya.

• Did you yourself see he stole it?

Pronoun pada kalimat ini pula menekankan bahwa apakah ananda melihat dgn mata kepalamu sendiri atau mendengar cerita dr orang lain.

Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative Pronoun	Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Demonstrative Pronoun
This	Digunakan untuk satu orang/benda yg jaraknya dekat.	Can you sign this for me?
These	Digunakan untuk dua orang/benda atau lebih yg jaraknya bersahabat.	These books are too heavy for me to carry.
That	Digunakan untuk satu orang/benda yg jaraknya jauh.	Who’s that?
Those	Digunakan untuk dua orang/benda atau lebih yg jaraknya jauh.	How much are those shoes?

Interrogative Pronoun

Pronoun ini dipakai pada kalimat tanya.

Interrogative Pronoun	Contoh Kalimat Interrogative Pronoun
What	What is your full name?
Who	Who wants to go to Brandon’s party?
Which	Which movie do you want to watch?
Whose	Whose jacket is this?

Indefinite Pronoun

Indefinite Pronoun digunakan untuk menunjuk pada orang atau benda yg tak perlu dijelaskan dengan-cara spesifik.

Indefinite Pronoun	Contoh Kalimat Indefinite Pronoun
One	Which one would you like?
Other	You shouldn’t expect others to do your work for you.
None	None of them knows where I live.
Some	Some of you here have already met Josh.
Anybody	I need some time to myself, the same as anybody else.
Everybody	He always tries to outdo everybody else in the class.
No one	No one made a sound.

Relative Pronoun

Relative pronoun digunakan untuk menghubungkan relative clause dgn indepandnt caluse. Pronoun ini bisanya menawarkan gosip tambahan tentang sesuatu yg disebutkan dlm kalimat. Relative pronoun berupa:

Relative Pronoun	Contoh Kalimat Relative Pronoun
That	Can I see the ring that you bought yesterday?
What	She wouldn’t tell me what he said.
Which	She appears to actually like the man, which I find incredible.
Who	The woman who called earlier didn’t leave a message.
Whom	I met a man with whom I used to work.

Referensi

Thewlis, Stephen H. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 3: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.

Kontributor: Nanda Ayu, S.Hum.

Alumni Sastra Inggris UI