Gerund and Infinitives

Pengertian Gerund and Infinitive

Gerund (Verb+ing) & Infinitive (to + base verb) merupakan ekspresi dlm kalimat bahasa Inggris yg mampu berfungsi sebagai kata benda (noun).

Contoh:

• Gerund: singing, drinking, running, walking, studying, & lain sebagainya.
• Infinitive: to sing, to drink, to run, to walk, to study, & lain sebaginya.

Fungsi Gerund & Infinitive

1. Sebagai subject (subjek)

Dalam suatu kalimat, Gerund & Infinitive bisa berfungsi sebagai subjek. Namun, untuk Infinitive, biasanya berada di tamat kalimat & subjek di awal kalimat diganti dgn “It”.

Contoh:

• Gerund: Studying English is fun.
• Infinitive: To travel to Mars would take months. (or) It would take months to travel to Mars.

2. Sebagai subject complement (perhiasan subjek)

Keduanya bisa dipakai sebagai suplemen subjek pada suatu kalimat.

Contoh:

• Gerund: My goal is winning the marathon.
• Infinitive: My goal is to win the marathon.

3. Sebagai noun complement (komplemen kata benda)

Noun complement menambahkan informasi kata benda tersebut. Pada fungsi ini, cuma Infinitive yg mampu digunakan selaku pemanis kata benda.

Contoh:

Infinitive: The instruction to wear safety goggles has saved many people’s   eyes.

4. Sebagai adjective complement (embel-embel kata sifat)

Terdapat beberapa kata sifat yg bisa disertai oleh infinitive.

Contoh:

Infinitive: I am happy to meet you.

Beberapa diantara kata sifat yg mampu disertai oleh infinitive yakni:

afraid	determined	proud
amazed	eager	ready
anxious	eligible	reluctant
apt	(un)fit	sad
ashamed	fortunate	shocked
bound	glad	sorry
careful	hesitant	sure
certain	liable	dissapointed
content	likely	surprised
delighted	pleased	upset

5. Sebagai direct object (objek pribadi)

Dalam suatu kalimat, kata kerja sering dibarengi oleh objek eksklusif. Terdapat hukum tentang kata kerja yg cuma dapat diikuti oleh gerund, infinitive, atau keduanya.

Contoh:

• Gerund: She enjoys drinking.
• Infinitive: Sarah hopes to see the play.

Berikut ini beberapa daftar kata kerja yg disertai oleh Gerund & Infinitive:

Kondisi	Gerund	Infinitive
Tanpa extra agent	acknowledge, advise, appreaciate, avoid, begin, consider, continue, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish, forget, hate, (cannot) help, prefer, recommend, regret, remember, start, stop, teach, understand, dll Contoh kalimat: I hate singing.	agree, appear, begin, care, choose, continue, decide, forget, happen, get, hate, learn, hope, like, love, plan, prefer, refuse, seem, start, try, wait, dllContoh kalimat: He decided to go.
Dengan tambahan agent	hear, watch, see, dll Contoh kalimat: I watch her crying.	advise, allow, choose, get, help, invite, teach, tell, dllContoh kalimat: I help him to study.
Dapat ditambahkan agent (opsional)		ask, beg, expect, need, prepare, promise, want, dllContoh kalimat: I need him to stay.
Tanpa “to”		feel, have, hear, help, watch, see, dllContoh kalimat: I heard you pass the exam.

6. Sebagai object of preposition (objek preposisi)

Hanya gerund yg merupakan objek dr preposition.

Contoh:

Thank you for helping me.

Rumus Gerund & Infinitive

Fungsi		Rumus	Contoh kalimat Gerund & Infinitives
Gerund	Simple Gerund	verb + ing	Her duduk perkara is not knowing enough.
	Perfective Gerund	having + past participle	He was excited about having watched the race from the start to finish.
	Passive Gerund	being + past participle	Being chosen to be part of this team is really great.
	Perfective Passive Gerund	having + been + past participle	Having been selected for the experiment gave her career a boost.
Infinitive	Simple Infinitive	to + verb	Her plan is always been to return to her homeland.
	Perfective Infinitive	to + have + past participle	She hoped to have earned the gold medal by the time she was twenty.
	Progressive Infinitive	to + be + present participle	Their goal is to be working by March.
	Perfective Progressive Infinitive	to + have + been + present participle	We wanted to have been hiking by now.
	Passive Infinitive	to + be + past participle	The suggestion to be seen by a surgeon was never followed.
	Perfective Passive Infinitive	to + have + been + past participle	They were happy to have been chosen for the award.

Perbedaan Gerund & Infinitive

Beberapa kata kerja tertentu seperti kata kerja perihal emosi, penyelesaian, & kata kerja “remember”) mampu dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan untuk memakai gerund atau infinitive.

Seperti yg telah dijelaskan di atas, gerund & infinitive mempunyai fungsi yg sama selaku subjek maupun objek, & keduanya memiliki makna yg sama.

Contoh:

• Gerund: To eat too much sugar is not healthy.
• Infinitive: Eating too much sugar is not healthy.

Namun, untuk beberapa kasus, kita memilih gerund atau infinitive menurut makna yg ingin diungkapkan. Kita mampu menggunakan gerund untuk mendeskripsikan akasi yg konkret. Di sisi lain, kita memakai infinitive untuk mendeskripsikan agresi yg akan terjadi,

Contoh:

• Gerund: Playing golf everyday is boring.
• Infinitive: To play golf everyday would be my idea of happy retirement.

Referensi

Frodesen, J. & Eyring, J. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 4: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.

Thewlis, Stephen H. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 3: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.

Artikel: Gerund and Infinitives

Kontributor: Nanda Widya, S.Hum.

Alumni Sastra Inggris FIB UI

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