Future Perfect Tense

Pengertian Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense ialah bentuk tense yg digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yg akan selesai di masa yg akan tiba. Tatkala kita menggunakan Tense ini, kita membawa diri kita ke masa yg akan datang & melihat kembali insiden yg akan simpulan pada dikala itu.

Rumus Future Perfect Tense

Rumus Future Perfect Tense cukup sederhana yaitu will + have + Verb 3 (past participle). Rumus tersebut tak akan berganti walaupun kita menggunakan subjek tunggal atau jamak.

Berikut ini rumus Future Perfect Tense:

1. Rumus Kalimat Positif

Subject + will + have + Verb 3

Contoh kalimat:

• I will have left.
• I will have arrived.

2. Rumus Kalimat Negatif

Subject + will + not + have + Verb 3

Contoh kalimat:

• I will not have left.
• I will not have arrived.

Kita bisa menggunakan kependekan won’t untuk mengambil alih will not.

3. Rumus Kalimat Interogatif

Will + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Contoh kalimat:

• Will I have left?
• Will I have arrived?

4. Rumus Kalimat Interogatif Negatif

Will + not + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Contoh kalimat:

• Will not I have left?
• Will not I have arrived?

Kita pula bisa memakai akronim won’t untuk menggantikan will not pada jenis kalimat Interogatif Negatif ini.

Penggunaan Future Perfect Tense

Kapan Saat Menggunakan

Berikut ini penjelasan perbedaan Future Perfect Tense dgn Simple Future Tense.

• Future Perfect Tense

Jason will have left at 10.00 o’clock.

Makna: Jason sudah pergi pada pukul 10.00.

• Simple Future Tense

I will leave at 10.00 o’clock.

Makna: Jason menunggu jam 10.00 untuk pergi.

Kedua Tense tersebut memberikan makna yg berbeda antara satu dgn yg yang lain. Namun, penggunaan Future Perfect Tense seringkali mampu digantikan dgn Simple Future Tense. Tidak ada perbedaan makna pada dua contoh kalimat ini:

• Future Perfect Tense

I will have left before Sarah arrives.

• Simple Future Tense

I will leave before Sarah arrives.

Namun, tanpa Preposition seperti before atau by the time yg menjelaskan urutan peristiwa, kita mesti memakai Future Perfect Tense untuk memperlihatkan insiden yg terjadi lebih dahulu.

Kapan Tidak Menggunakan

Tenses ini hanya digunakan untuk tindakan yg akan tamat sebelum titik tertentu masa yg akan tiba. Dengan kata lain, langkah-langkah yg kita bicarakan mesti mempunyai batas waktu. Jika kita tak menyebutkan tenggat waktunya, gunakan Simple Future Tense, bukan Future Perfect Tense. Contoh:

• Jason wil leave. (benar)
• Jason will have left. (salah)

Tenggat waktu bisa sangat spesifik (contohnya at 5.00 AM) atau mampu tak terperinci (misalnya next week). Bahkan bisa tergantung kapan uatu peristiwa lain terjadi (misalnya after Sarah arrives). Namun harus ada di  waktu masa depan.

Preposition yg Biasa Digunakan

Preposition	Artinya
By this time	Pada dikala ini
From now	Dari kini
At	Pada
Already	Telah
By the time	Pada dikala
When	Ketika
Before	Sebelum
As soon as	Sesegera

Kata Kerja Umum

• Regular Verb

Verb	Positive	Negative	Interrogative	Negative Interrogative
Ask	Will have asked	Will not have asked	Will I have asked…?	Will not I have asked…?
Call	Will have called	Will not have called	Will you have called…?	Will not you have called…?
Use	Will have used	Will not have used	Will they have used…?	Will not they have used…?
Work	Will have worked	Will not have worked	Will we have worked…?	Will not we have worked…?

• Irregular Verb

Verb	Positive	Negative	Interrogative	Negative Interrogative
Be	Will have been	Will not have been	Will he have been…?	Will not he have been…?
Have	Will have had	Will not have had	Will she have been…?	Will not she have been…?
Do	Will have done	Will not have done	Will it have been…?	Will not it have been…?
Say	Will have said	Will not have said	Will I have said…?	Will not I have said…?
Get	Will have gotten	Will not have gotten	Will you have gotten…?	Will not you have gotten…?
Make	Will have made	Will not have made	Will they have made…?	Will not they have made…?
Go	Will have gone	Will not have gone	Will we have gone…?	Will not we have gone…?
Take	Will have taken	Will not have taken	Will he have taken…?	Will not he have taken…?
See	Will have seen	Will not have seen	Will she have seen…?	Will not she have seen…?
Come	Will have came	Will not have came	Will it have came…?	Will not it have came…?

Catatan:

• Hati-hati saat memakai kata kerja “to be” pada Future Perfect Tense. Konstruksinya mudah disalahartikan dgn Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
• Bentuk Past Participle dr “to get” dlm bahasa Inggris Amerika yakni gotten. Sedangkan dlm bahasa Inggris British yakni got.

Sumber referensi:

Frodesen, J. & Eyring, J. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 4: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.

Thewlis, Stephen H. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 3: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.

Artikel: Future Perfect Tense – Pengertian, Rumus, Penggunaan, & Contoh Kalimat

Kontributor: Nanda Widya, S.Hum.

Alumni Sastra Inggris FIB UI

Materi Wargamasyarakat.org lainnya:

1. Narrative Text
2. Past Perfect Tense
3. Present Continuous Tense