Tenses adalah sebuah kategori tata bahasa (grammar) yg menekankan pada penggunaan kata kerja (verb) yg dikaitkan dgn waktu penggunaannya. Dengan kata lain, tenses yaitu pembedaan bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan perbedaan waktu & durasi suatu tindakan atau kejadian. Berikut rangkuman 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris yg sudah kami rangkum untuk kamu.
Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Sumber gambar: toughtco.org
Daftar Isi
Tabel 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris
| Time | Event | |||
| Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| Present | Simple Present Tense | Present Continuous Tense | Present Perfect Tense | Present Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Past | Simple Past Tense | Past Continuous Tense | Past Perfect Tense | Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Future | Simple Future Tense | Future Continuous Tense | Future Perfect Tense | Future Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Past Future | Past Future Tense | Past Future Continuous Tense | Past Future Perfect Tense | Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Present”
1. Simple Present Tense
Digunakan untuk memberikan fakta, kebiasaan, & kondisi lazim yg terjadi pada ketika ini.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + Verb / Verb-s/es + Complement
Atau Subject + am/are/is + Complement |
a. I work hard for this company.
b. He works hard for this company. c. You are beautiful. d. She is beautiful. |
| Negatif | Sunbect + do/does not + Verb1 + Complement
Atau Subject + am/are/is + not + complement |
a. I do not work hard for this company.
b. He does not work hard for this company. c. You are not beautiful. d. She is not beautiful. |
| Interogatif | Do/does + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
Atau Am/are/is + Subject + Complement? |
a. Do I work hard for this company?
b. Does he work hard for this company? c. Are you beautiful? d. Is she beautiful? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yaitu: usually, always, every, sometimes, normally, & seldom, dll.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk membahas agresi yg sedang berlangsung. Yang paling utama dr tense ini yakni adanya durasi waktu untuk kata kerjanya.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + am/are/is + Verb-ing + Complement | We are studying English. |
| Negatif | Subject + am/are/is + Not + Complement | We are not studying English. |
| Interogatif | Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement? | Are we studying English? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yaitu now, at the time, at this present, at this moment, dll.
3. Present Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan suatu agresi atau peristiwa telah selesai & menekankan pada kesannya.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + has/have + Verb3 + Complement | a. I have finished my homework.
b. She has finished her homework. |
| Negatif | Subject + has/have + not + Verb3 + Complement | a. I have not finished my homework.
b. She has not finished her homework. |
| Interogatif | Has/have + Subject + Verb3 + Complement? | a. Have I finished my homework?
b. Has she finished her homework? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, dll.
3. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan agresi yg dimulai pada masa lalu & terus berlanjut sampai ketika ini. Biasanya aksi yg memakai tense ini mempunyai durasi waktu pasti & memiliki relevansi dgn kondisi kini.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + has/have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | a. You have been working here since 2015.
b. She has been speaking for the last 3 hours. |
| Negatif | Subject + has/have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement | a. You have not been working here since 2015.
b. She has not been speaking for the last 3 hours. |
| Interogatif | Has/have + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | a. Have you been working here since 2015?
b. Has she been speaking for the last 3 hours? |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Past”
Kata sinyal untuk tense ini yakni since, for the past …, the whole week, dll.
5. Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa di masa lalu.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + Verb2 + Complement
Atau Subject + was/were + Complement |
a. I worked hard for that company.
b. He worked hard for that company. c. You were beautiful. d. She was beautiful. |
| Negatif | Subject + did not + Verb1 + Complement
Atau Subject + was/were + not + Complement |
a. I did not work hard for that company.
b. He did not work hard for that company. c. You were not beautiful. d. She was not beautiful. |
| Interogatif | Did + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
Atau Was/were + Subject + Complement? |
a. Did I work hard for that company?
b. Did he work hard for that company? c. Were you beautiful? d. Was she beautiful? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah last year, last month, yesterday, in 1996, last Sunday, dll.
6. Past Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan suatu kejadian yg sedang terjadi pada masa lampau. Biasanya, ada 2 peristiwa terjadi di masa lalu, & peristiwa yg diinterupsi tersebut yg menggunakan tense ini.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + Complement | I was studying English when he called. |
| Negatif | Subject + was/were + Not + Verb-ing + Complement | I was not studying English when he called. |
| Interogatif | Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement? | Was I studying English when he called? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yaitu when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday, dll.
7. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan peristiwa yg terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu, & lebih menekankan pada hasil dr pada durasinya kejadiannya. Biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan insiden mana yg terlebih terjadi dahulu di antara 2 kejadian yg terjadi di masa lalu.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + had + Verb3 + Complement | I had finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday. |
| Negatif | Subject + had + not + Verb3 + Complement | I had not finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday. |
| Interogatif | Had + Subject + Verb3 + Complement? | Had I finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day, dll.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yg terjadi di masa lalu & telah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa kemudian juga. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya. Tense ini pula dipakai pada Reported Speech
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Complement | You had been crying for an hour. |
| Negatif | Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement | You had not been crying for an hour. |
| Interogatif | Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | Had you been crying for an hour? |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Future”
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah for, since, the whole day, all day, dll.
9. Simple Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan agresi atau suatu keadaan di masa depan.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will/be going to + Verb1 + Complement | a. I will work hard for this company.
b. I am going to work hard for this company. |
| Negatif | Subject + will not / be not going to + Verb1 + Complement | a. I will not work hard for this company.
b. I am not going to work hard for this company. |
| Subject | Will + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
Atau Be + Subject + going to + Verb1 + Complement? |
a. Will I work hard for this company?
b. Am I going to work hard for this company? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah next…, tomorrow, five days later, dll.
10. Future Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan suatu agresi atau keadaan yg akan terjadi di suatu waktu tertentu di masa yg akan datang.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will / be going to+ be + Verb-ing + Complement | a. I will be studying English.
b. You are going be studying English. |
| Negatif | Subject + will not / be not going to + be + Verb-ing + Complement | a. I will not be studying English.
b. You are not going to be studying English. |
| Interogatif | Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement? | a. Will I be studying English?
b. Are you going to be studying English? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah tomorrow morning, in ten years, dll.
11. Future Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yg akan selsai di masa depan.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will have + Verb3 + Complement | I will have finished my homework. |
| Negatif | Subject + will not have + Verb3 + Complement | I will not have finished my homework. |
| Interogatif | Will + Subject + have Verb3 + Complement? | Will I have finished my homework? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yaitu next…, in a week, dll.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan agresi yg akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | In 2020, she will have been working here for 2 years. |
| Negatif | Subject + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | In 2020, she will not have been working here for 2 years. |
| Interogatif | Will + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | In 2020, will she have been working here for 2 years? |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Past Future”
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yakni for the last…, all day long, dll.
13. Past Future Tense
Digunakan untuk memberikan aksi yg akan dilaksanakan di masa kemudian namun gagal (planning yg gagal).
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + Verb1 + Complement | I would come to your party if you invited me. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + Verb1 + Complement | I would not come to your party if you did not invite me. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + Verb1 + Complement? | Would I come to your party if you invited me? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yakni yesterday, the day before, last week, dll.
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan suatu aksi yg akan dilakukan di masa lalu & akan berjalan hingga waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi aksinya.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + be + Verb-ing + Complement | I would be studying if you did not disturb me yesterday. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + be + Verb-ing + Complement | I would not be studying if you did not disturb me yesterday. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement? | Would I be studying if you did not disturb me yesterday? |
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yg akan telah dikerjakan di masa lampau namun ternyata tak dijalankan (rencana yg gagal). Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + have + Verb3 + Complement | I would have bought a new car if I had enough money. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + have + Verb3 + Complement | I would not have bought a new car if I had enough money. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + be + Verb3 + Complement? | Would I have bought a new car if I had enough money? |
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yg akan sudah & masih sedang dikerjakan di masa lampau, tetapi sesungguhnya tak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi & alhasil.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | She would have been waiting for me for 3 hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | She would not have been waiting for me for 3 hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | Would she have been waiting for me for 3 hours yesterday? |
Kata sinyal untuk tense ini yakni for, but, unfortunately, dll.
Artikel: 16 Tenses dlm Bahasa Inggris
Kontributor: Nanda Widya, S.Hum.
Alumni Sastra Inggris FIB UI
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