Daftar Isi
Pengertian Conjunction
Conjunction adalah kata yg berfungsi untuk menghubungkan antara kata, frasa, klausa, atau kalimat. Dengan memakai conjuction, kita mampu membuat kalimat yg kompleks. Selain itu, conjuction menciptakan kita menghindari ketidakberaturan kalimat-kalimat pendek & membuat writing flow kita menjadi lebih baik.
Tanpa conjunction, kita dipaksa untuk mengungkapkan setiap pemikiran kompleks menjadi kalimat-kalimat simple seperti teladan kalimat di bawah ini.
Sandy asked me to come to her party. I could not come. I got sick at that day.
Aturan Penggunaan Conjunction
Terdapat beberapa aturan penting dlm penggunan conjuction, yakni:
1. Conjuction digunakan untuk menghubungkan pandangan baru, langkah-langkah, & noun, clause, serta kelas kata lainnya.
Contoh kalimat: Sarah and I went to the movies and watched The Nutcracker and The Four Realms.
2. Conjunction memiliki kegunaan untuk membuat list.
Contoh kalimat: John makes pancakes, eggs, and coffee for breakfast.
3. Tatkala memakai conjunction, tentukan bahwa kelas kata yg dihubungkan dgn conjunction bersifat paralel (mempunyai struktur yg sama).
Contoh kalimat:
- I learn fast and carefully.
- I learn fast and am careful.
Jenis-jenis Conjunction
1. Coordinating Conjunction
Sering disebut dgn perumpamaan “Fan Boys” conjuction.
Coordinating Conjunction | Fungsi | Contoh Kalimat Coordinating Conjunction |
For | Menghubungkan alasannya pada balasan. | I had to clean the floor as a punishment for making a mess. |
And | Menghubungkan ilham sekelas & sama. | I like fishing and hunting. |
Nor | Menghubungkan dua kalimat negatif. | She doesn’t eat meat, nor does she drink milk. |
But | Menghubungkan pandangan baru sekelas tetapi berlainan. | I like to eat fish, but not to catch them. |
Or | Menghubungkan dua pilihan sekelas. | Do you want to drink tea or coffee? |
Yet | Menghubungkan pandangan baru sekelas namun bertolak belakang. | It’s sunny yet cold. |
So | Menghubungkan akibat pada alasannya. | I didn’t get enough sleep last night, so I’m so sleepy right now. |
2. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction selalu berpasangan.
Correlative Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction |
Both … and | Both London and Paris are worth to visit. |
Not only … but also | Japanese food is not only delicious but also beautiful to look at. |
Either … or | It’s going to rain! Bring either an umbrella or a raincoat. |
Neither … nor | My grandfather could neither read nor write. |
Whether … or | I am not sure whether he is lying or not. |
3. Subordinating Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction merupakan kata pertama dlm dependent clause. Conjunction ini digunakan untuk tiga jenis klausa, yakni:
Adverb Clause
Fungsi | Subordinating Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat Subordinating Conjunction |
Waktu | After
As, Just as As long as As soon as Before Since Until When Whenever While |
Just as we left, he came.
I waited as long as I could. While I was studying, she called me. |
Tempat | Where
Wherever Anywhere Everywhere |
I like to shop wherever there is a sale.
I use my credit card everywhere I shop. |
Cara | As, Just as
As if As though |
I love wearing make-up as most women do. |
Jarak | As + adverb + as | We will hike as far as we can before it turns dark. |
Frekuensi | As often as | I call my parents as often as I can. |
Sebab | As
Because Since |
I can’t take evening class since I work at night. |
Tujuan | So that
In order that |
He moves so that his home is not too far from his office. |
Akibat | So + adjective + that
So + adverb + that Such a(n) + noun + that So much/many/little/few + noun + that |
I was so tired last night that I fell asleep at dinner.
She talked so softly that I cannot hear her voice. It was such an easy test that all students got A’s. |
Kondisi | If
Unless |
We won’t go diving unless the weather is better. |
Partial Contrast | Although
Even though Though |
I love my brother though we always have different opinions. |
Perbedaan | While
Whereas |
My brother likes hard rock, while I prefer classical music. |
Adjective Clause
Fungsi | Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat |
Menunjuk pada orang | Who
Whom Whose |
They didn’t approve the man whom my sister married.
An orphan is a child whose parents are dead. |
Menunjuk pada orang atau benda | Which
That |
My new phone which I bought yesterday stopped working. |
Menunjuk pada waktu & daerah | When
Where |
An orphanage is a place where orphans live. |
Noun Clause
Fungsi | Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat |
That clauses | That | Do you believe that there’s life is outer space? |
If/whether clauses | Whether
Whether or not Whether… or not If If… or not |
I can’t remember whether I locked the door.
I can’t remember if I locked the door. |
Question clauses | Who, whoever, whom
Which, what, where When, why, how How much, how many How long, how often, etc |
Do you know where the bus station is?
He didn’t care how long he had to wait. |
Conjunctive Adverb
Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua independent clause.
Fungsi | Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat |
Menambah ide yg sama | Also
Besides Futhermore In addition Moreover |
I’m a student; also, I work at coffee shop. |
Menambah kelanjutan yg tak diduga | However
Nevertheless Nonetheless Still |
I can’t cook very well; however, I make quite good omelettes. |
Menambah perbedan | In contrast
On the other hand |
Sarah is ambitious; in contrast, her brother is quite lazy. |
Menambah akhir | As a result
Consequently Therefore Thus |
Joh’s lazy; thus, he gets C in Math class. |
Membuat list sesuai urutan waktu | Meanwhile
Afterward Then Subsequently |
I went to swalayan; then, I went home. |
Memberi contoh | For example
For instance |
Our identity can be identified by several aspects; for example, we can define ourselves by mentioning our physical appearance. |
Memperlihatkan kesamaan | Similarly
Likewise |
Surabaya has hot weather; similarly, Jakarta’s average temperature is 34oC. |
Memperlihatkan pernyataan kedua yg benar | Instead
On the contrary Rather |
They planned to go to Bali; instead, they went to Lombok. |
Memberi kemungkinan lain | Alternatively
On the other hand |
You can live in a dorm of campus; alternatively, you can rent a room off campus. |
Menambah klarifikasi | Otherwise | Identity is the answer of the question ‘Who are you?’; in other words, identity is the way that we use to represent ourselves. |
Membuat pernyataan yg lebih kuat | Indeed
In fact |
Berries are common fruits; indeed, people love berries. |
Referensi:
Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2006). Writing Academic English (4th ed.). New York: Pearson Longman.
Artikel: Conjunction
Kontributor: Nanda Ayu, S.Hum.
Alumni Sastra Inggris UI