Chapter 3, Makalah Bahasa Inggris

CHAPTER 3.
Of a Lam and its Parts

A Law may be defined as an assemblage of signs declarative of a volition conceived or adopted by the sovereign in a state, con­cerning the conduct to be observed in a cer­tain case by a certain person or class of per­sons, who in the case in question are or are supposed to be subject to his power: such volition trusting for its accomplishment to the expectation of certain events which it is intended such declaration should upon oc­casion be a means of bringing to pass, and the prospect of which it is intended should act as a motive upon those whose conduct is in question . . . .

The latitude here given to the import of the word law is it must be confessed rather greater than what seems to be given to it in common: the definition being such as is ap­plicable to various objects which are not commonly characterized by that name. 

Tak­ing this definition for the standard it mat­ters not whether the expression of will in question, so as it have but the authority of the sovereign to back it, were his by imme­diate conception or only by adoption: whether it be of the most public or of the most private or even domestic nature: whether the sovereign from whom it derives its force be an perorangan or a body: whether it be issued . . . on account of some positive act or event which is understood to warrant it (as is the case with an order of the judicial kind made in the course of a cause); or without the assignment of any such special ground: 
or whether it be susceptible of an indefinite duration or whether it be sua na­tura temporary and undurable: as is most commonly the case with such expressions of will the uttering of which is looked upon as a measure of administration: whether it be a command or a countermand: whether it be expressed in the way of statute, or of cus­tomary law. Under the term law then if this definition be admitted of, we must include a judicial order, a military or any other kind of executive order, or even the most trivial and momentary order of the domestic kind, so it be pot illegal: that is, so as the issuing of it be not forbidden by some other law….
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