Conjunction

Pengertian Conjunction

Conjunction adalah kata yg berfungsi untuk menghubungkan antara kata, frasa, klausa, atau kalimat. Dengan memakai conjuction, kita mampu membuat kalimat yg kompleks. Selain itu, conjuction menciptakan kita menghindari ketidakberaturan kalimat-kalimat pendek & membuat writing flow kita menjadi lebih baik.

Tanpa conjunction, kita dipaksa untuk mengungkapkan setiap pemikiran kompleks menjadi kalimat-kalimat simple seperti teladan kalimat di bawah ini.

Sandy asked me to come to her party. I could not come. I got sick at that day.

Aturan Penggunaan Conjunction

Terdapat beberapa aturan penting dlm penggunan conjuction, yakni:

1. Conjuction digunakan untuk menghubungkan pandangan baru, langkah-langkah, & noun, clause, serta kelas kata lainnya.

Contoh kalimat: Sarah and I went to the movies and watched The Nutcracker and The Four Realms.

2. Conjunction memiliki kegunaan untuk membuat list.

Contoh kalimat: John makes pancakes, eggs, and coffee for breakfast.

3. Tatkala memakai conjunction, tentukan bahwa kelas kata yg dihubungkan dgn conjunction bersifat paralel (mempunyai struktur yg sama).

Contoh kalimat:

• I learn fast and carefully.
• I learn fast and am careful.

Jenis-jenis Conjunction

1. Coordinating Conjunction

Sering disebut dgn perumpamaan “Fan Boys” conjuction.

Coordinating Conjunction	Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Coordinating Conjunction
For	Menghubungkan alasannya pada balasan.	I had to clean the floor as a punishment for making a mess.
And	Menghubungkan ilham sekelas & sama.	I like fishing and hunting.
Nor	Menghubungkan dua kalimat negatif.	She doesn’t eat meat, nor does she drink milk.
But	Menghubungkan pandangan baru sekelas tetapi berlainan.	I like to eat fish, but not to catch them.
Or	Menghubungkan dua pilihan sekelas.	Do you want to drink tea or coffee?
Yet	Menghubungkan pandangan baru sekelas namun bertolak belakang.	It’s sunny yet cold.
So	Menghubungkan akibat pada alasannya.	I didn’t get enough sleep last night, so I’m so sleepy right now.

2. Correlative Conjunction

Correlative conjunction selalu berpasangan.

Correlative Conjunction	Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction
Both … and	Both London and Paris are worth to visit.
Not only … but also	Japanese food is not only delicious but also beautiful to look at.
Either … or	It’s going to rain! Bring either an umbrella or a raincoat.
Neither … nor	My grandfather could neither read nor write.
Whether … or	I am not sure whether he is lying or not.

3. Subordinating Conjunction

Subordinating conjunction merupakan kata pertama dlm dependent clause. Conjunction ini digunakan untuk tiga jenis klausa, yakni:

Adverb Clause

Fungsi	Subordinating Conjunction	Contoh Kalimat Subordinating Conjunction
Waktu	After As, Just as As long as As soon as Before Since Until When Whenever While	Just as we left, he came. I waited as long as I could. While I was studying, she called me.
Tempat	Where Wherever Anywhere Everywhere	I like to shop wherever there is a sale. I use my credit card everywhere I shop.
Cara	As, Just as As if As though	I love wearing make-up as most women do.
Jarak	As + adverb + as	We will hike as far as we can before it turns dark.
Frekuensi	As often as	I call my parents as often as I can.
Sebab	As Because Since	I can’t take evening class since I work at night.
Tujuan	So that In order that	He moves so that his home is not too far from his office.
Akibat	So + adjective + that So + adverb + that Such a(n) + noun + that So much/many/little/few + noun + that	I was so tired last night that I fell asleep at dinner. She talked so softly that I cannot hear her voice. It was such an easy test that all students got A’s.
Kondisi	If Unless	We won’t go diving unless the weather is better.
Partial Contrast	Although Even though Though	I love my brother though we always have different opinions.
Perbedaan	While Whereas	My brother likes hard rock, while I prefer classical music.

Adjective Clause

Fungsi	Conjunction	Contoh Kalimat
Menunjuk pada orang	Who Whom Whose	They didn’t approve the man whom my sister married. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.
Menunjuk pada orang atau benda	Which That	My new phone which I bought yesterday stopped working.
Menunjuk pada waktu & daerah	When Where	An orphanage is a place where orphans live.

Noun Clause

Fungsi	Conjunction	Contoh Kalimat
That clauses	That	Do you believe that there’s life is outer space?
If/whether clauses	Whether Whether or not Whether… or not If If… or not	I can’t remember whether I locked the door. I can’t remember if I locked the door.
Question clauses	Who, whoever, whom Which, what, where When, why, how How much, how many How long, how often, etc	Do you know where the bus station is? He didn’t care how long he had to wait.

Conjunctive Adverb

Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua independent clause.

Fungsi	Conjunction	Contoh Kalimat
Menambah ide yg sama	Also Besides Futhermore In addition Moreover	I’m a student; also, I work at coffee shop.
Menambah kelanjutan yg tak diduga	However Nevertheless Nonetheless Still	I can’t cook very well; however, I make quite good omelettes.
Menambah perbedan	In contrast On the other hand	Sarah is ambitious; in contrast, her brother is quite lazy.
Menambah akhir	As a result Consequently Therefore Thus	Joh’s lazy; thus, he gets C in Math class.
Membuat list sesuai urutan waktu	Meanwhile Afterward Then Subsequently	I went to swalayan; then, I went home.
Memberi contoh	For example For instance	Our identity can be identified by several aspects; for example, we can define ourselves by mentioning our physical appearance.
Memperlihatkan kesamaan	Similarly Likewise	Surabaya has hot weather; similarly, Jakarta’s average temperature is 34oC.
Memperlihatkan pernyataan kedua yg benar	Instead On the contrary Rather	They planned to go to Bali; instead, they went to Lombok.
Memberi kemungkinan lain	Alternatively On the other hand	You can live in a dorm of campus; alternatively, you can rent a room off campus.
Menambah klarifikasi	Otherwise	Identity is the answer of the question ‘Who are you?’; in other words, identity is the way that we use to represent ourselves.
Membuat pernyataan yg lebih kuat	Indeed In fact	Berries are common fruits; indeed, people love berries.

Referensi:

Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2006). Writing Academic English (4th ed.). New York: Pearson Longman.

Artikel: Conjunction

Kontributor: Nanda Ayu, S.Hum.

Alumni Sastra Inggris UI